5 bad gold swing positions that can cause lower back pain:
1) S-Posture: Sticking out your butt to swing by arching your lower back (excessive hyperlodosis)
2) Reverse Spine Angle: Spine tilts toward the target at the top of the backswing and you use the back muscles to go into extension of the backswing - excessive stress/compression/load on the lumbar spine on the downswing/through impace.
3) Early Extension: Your hips/pelvis don't turn towards the target, i.e. don't rotate from the top of the backswing to follow-through - spine's muscles become overactive
4) Poor Right Leg Follow-Through: Bad weight transfer from the top of the back swing through impact to the finish position.
5) Reverse "C" Finish: Finishing the swing in a full hyperextension position - puts excessive compression/load on the lumbar vertebrae (lower back).
Is Back Pain Ruining Your Golf Game? - go there for more tips on getting rid of back pain with your golf swing and also improving your golf game with improved positioning / technique